MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE DURING THE HAJJ AND UMRAH MASS GATHERINGS

Meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings

The Hajj and Umrah religious mass gatherings hosted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can facilitate the transmission of infectious diseases.The pilgrimages have been associated with a number of local and international outbreaks of meningococcal disease.These include serogroup A disease outbreaks in 1987 and throughout the 1990s and two international

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Vocal communication in wild chimpanzees: a call rate study

Background Patterns of vocal communication have implications for species conservation: a change in calling behaviour can, for instance, reflect a disturbed habitat.More importantly, call rate is a parameter that allows conservation planners to convert call density into animal density, Terpenes when detecting calls with a passive acoustic monitoring

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